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| Experimental components |
Experimental car, inclined board, bracket, plastic box, towel, cotton cloth |
| Experimental process |
(1) Open the bracket of the inclined board and let the car slide down freely from the highest point of the inclined surface. Observe and record the distance s1 traveled by the car. (2) Lay cotton cloth on the horizontal part of the inclined board and let the car slide down freely from the highest point of the inclined surface. Observe and record the distance s2 traveled by the car. (3) Lay a towel on the horizontal part of the inclined board and let the car slide down freely from the highest point of the inclined surface. Observe and record the distance s3 traveled by the car. |
| Experimental phenomena | The sliding distance of the car in experiment (1) is the farthest, that of experiment (2) is second, and that of experiment (3) is shortest. |
| Experimental conclusion | The smoother the plane, the greater the sliding distance of the car, indicating that the resistance experienced by the car is smaller and its speed decays slower. From this experiment, it can be further inferred that if a moving object is not subject to force, it will move in a straight line at a constant speed, indicating that force is not the cause of maintaining object movement, but rather changing its state of motion. Famous physicist Isaac Newton summarized that all objects always remain in a state of rest or uniform linear motion when not subject to any force. This is what people call Newton’s first law or law of inertia. |
| Additional analysis | In this experiment, three different horizontal planes with different friction coefficients were deliberately selected for easy reasoning. The friction coefficients from small to large are: inclined board, cotton cloth, towel. The purpose of this is to know through setting different variables that as friction coefficient becomes smaller and smaller, sliding distance becomes farther and farther. It can be inferred that when a car is on an ideal horizontal plane with an absolute smoothness and a friction coefficient of 0, its sliding distance will be infinitely far. The scientific research methods involved in this experiment are “control variable method”, "gradual approximation method" and "conversion method". |
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