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| Experimental components |
Long wooden board, long cotton cloth, force gauge, weights, double-hole wooden block |
| Experimental process |
(1) As shown in Figure A, use a spring force gauge to pull the wooden block horizontally to make uniform linear motion, and observe the value of the spring force gauge. (2) As shown in Figure B, place a weight on the wooden block, use a spring force gauge to pull the wooden block horizontally to make uniform linear motion, and observe the value of the spring force gauge. (3) As shown in Figure C, lay a long cotton cloth on the long wooden board, use a spring force gauge to pull the wooden block to make uniform linear motion, and observe the value of the spring force gauge. |
| Experimental phenomena | Through the values of the spring force gauges in experiments (1) and (2), it can be known that when the roughness of the contact surface is the same, the greater the pressure, the greater the friction. Through the values of the spring force gauges in experiments (1) and (3), it can be known that when the pressure is the same, the rougher the contact surface, the greater the friction. |
| Experimental conclusion | This experiment used two scientific research methods, namely the control variable method and the conversion method. The friction studied here is sliding friction. In fact, there are three types of friction: static friction, sliding friction and rolling friction. Among them, we can know the size of static friction through an experiment of two-force balance. For example, we pull a table with force but it doesn’t move. The reason is that it is subject to static friction from the floor. This static friction is a pair of balanced forces with our pulling force on the table. The resultant force is 0. Therefore, under the action of balanced forces, its motion state will not change. That is to say, if it was originally stationary and still stationary after we applied pulling force. If our pulling force on the table is 1N and it still doesn’t move, then it means that it is subject to 1N static friction. If we increase our pulling force on it to 2N and it still doesn’t move, then its static friction has increased to 2N. When we increase our pulling force to 10N and just pull it away, it means that its maximum static friction is slightly less than 10N and its sliding friction is 10N. |
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