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| Experimental components |
Miniature pressure gauge, transparent liquid container, iron rod base, cross clamp, latex catheter |
| Experimental process |
(1) As shown in Figure A, place the probe of the pressure gauge into the transparent container filled with water, observe the changes in the pressure gauge and read the values to determine whether there is pressure inside the liquid. (2) As shown in Figures B and C, keep the depth of the probe in the water constant and change the direction of the probe. Observe whether the value of the pressure gauge changes to determine the relationship between the pressure at the same depth. (3) As shown in Figures C and D, increase the depth of the probe in water and observe whether the value of the pressure gauge changes to determine the relationship between the internal pressure of the liquid and depth. (4) As shown in Figures E and F, replace water with another liquid (such as replacing water with salt water. If you don’t have salt water, you can add a certain amount of edible salt to this water to make it into salt water). Keep the depth of the probe in these two liquids constant and observe any differences in the value of the pressure gauge to determine the relationship between internal pressure and liquid density. |
| Experimental phenomena |
Through experiment (1), it can be observed that when the probe is placed into a container filled with water, there is a change in reading on the pressure gauge, indicating that there is pressure inside the liquid. Through experiment (2), it can be observed that when the depth of liquid where probe is located remains unchanged, changing direction of probe does not change reading on pressure gauge. This indicates that there is pressure in all directions inside liquid and that pressures at same depth in same liquid are equal. Through experiment (3), it can be observed that when increasing depth of probe in water, reading on pressure gauge also increases. This indicates that for same liquid, deeper depth means greater pressure. Through experiment (4), it can be observed that when probe is inserted into two different liquids at same depth, reading on pressure gauge inserted into salt water is greater than reading on pressure gauge inserted into tap water. This indicates that liquid pressure is also related to liquid density. At same depth, greater liquid density means greater pressure. |
| Experimental conclusion |
A. The scientific research methods used in this experiment are control variable method and conversion method. B. The reason for liquid pressure generation is that liquid is affected by gravity while having fluidity. C. The formula for internal pressure of liquid is ρ=ρgh. This formula indicates that internal pressure ρ of liquid is only related to density ρ and depth h of liquid, but not related to volume or shape of liquid. |
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